Khomeini and his ulama allies wanted a judiciary government rule by islamic law. Khomeini has accused irans religious minoritiesparticularly christians, jews, and bahaisof distorting islam and fomenting unrest in pursuit of imperialist causes. Abbas gharabaghi, chief of staff of the armed forces, met with khomeini s prime minister mehdi bazargan, 70, and said he would support the government set up by khomeini to establish a. Imam khomeinis movement, the idea of establishing an islamic government based. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini full name sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini farsi. In his book islamic government, khomeini wrote of the duty to destroy christian, jewish, and bahai religious centers, which he accused of leading iranians astray. A twovolume book, which was published originally in arabic, was called tahrir al wasilah.
This was his best known and most influential work, and laid out his ideas on governance at that time. The institute for compilation and publication of the works of imam khomeini. A critical introduction to khomeini as the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic fi gures of the twentieth century. The institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works international affairs division translated by.
Sudden emerge of ayatollah khomeini as a prominent jurist in iran and muslim world political sphere and presenting islamic government theory considered by both muslim and western scholars and. The ayatollah ruhollah musavi khomeini was the central actor of the 1979 islamic revolution in iran, and one of the truly transformational men of history. Imam khomeini and the iranian revolution of 1979 history of. We may call khomeini s political theory in qom period as the theory of constitutional government with the permission and supervision of the jurists, which is. Ruhollah khomeini books list of books by ruhollah khomeini. Nov 25, 2019 khomeini flew into tehran from paris on feb. The government of ayatollah khomeini attempted to change iranian society by implementing islamic fundamentalist principles.
Ruhollah khomeini was an iranian ayatollah, politicalspiritual leader of the islamic revolution of 1979, who overthrew the sah mohammad reza pahlevi, and supreme leader of the country until his death. He notes that only trained islamic clerics, who are knowledgeable of islamic law may be the top government leaders. Islamic government probably the best known of imam khomeini s works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, who died saturday at age 86, was an austere and uncompromising shiite moslem religious leader who overthrew the shah of iran, humiliated the united states, waged a. On february 1, 1979, the ayatollah khomeini returns to iran in triumph after 15 years of exile. Ruhollah khomeini was born in kohmeyn in central iran. Hamid algar, the translator, does an amazing job translating this book, which aside from a brief introduction by algar consists of speeches and writings by khomeini. In the spring of 1979, irans shah mohammad reza pahlavi was ousted from power and the exiled shia cleric ayatollah ruhollah khomeini returned to take control of a new form of government in this ancient land in what has become known as the iranian revolution in 1979. Jan 01, 2004 sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini 19021989 was, of course, the islamic cleric who returned from 15 years of exile in paris in 1979 to spark the iranian revolution, overthrowing the last shah of iran, and then becoming irans supreme leader. The shah and his family had fled the country two weeks before, and jubilant iranian revolutionaries were eager to establish a fundamentalist islamic government. The ordinances pertaining to preservation of the islamic system and defense of the territorial integrity and independence of the islamic ummah14 also demanded the formation of a government. Khomeini, who later became the leader of the islamic revolution, reinterpreted the shia political thought and proposed a novel islamic theory of state.
The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic. With the establishment of the islamic republic of iran in 1979, a leading role was attributed to prominent ayatollahs. The idea of guardianship as rule was advanced by the ayatollah ruhollah khomeini in a series of lectures in 1970 and now forms the basis of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. International affairs department the institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works. The present book, governance of the jurist, including relevant footnotes and. Imam khomeini and the iranian revolution of 1979 history. Islamic state theocracy in the absence of juristruler wilayat alfaqih is possible, if the administration is based on islamic law sharaia, and mujtahids supervise the law making process, similar to the article two of the ammendment of iranian constitution of 1907. The roots of formation of ayatollah khomeinis political.
The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or the 1979 revolution. While studying at the feyziyeh medrese in qom, khomeini became known as an activist, although he refrained from. Ayatollah khomeinis vision of islamic government pearsoncustom. He appointed a prime minister and cabinet of his own. The position of women from the viewpoint of imam khomeini. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books unit 3 bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books unit 4 bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english dissertations unit 1. Muslim student association, persian speaking group, 1981 multiple formats at khomeini, ruhollah. The town remained a military base and fortress until 1892.
In his venerable book, god describes pharaoh as a corrupter. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books unit 4. Khomeini explains that an islamic government based upon the doctrines contained in the quran, the hadith, and the sharia, must eventually overthrow any kingoriented or secular government. Islamic government the book probably the best known of imam khomeinis works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. The godgiven knowledge and sense of justice of the imams makes them the definitive reference for shia muslims in every aspect. Hairi hadith hasan heirs holders of authority husayn imam khomeini imam rida imperialism imperialists implement institutions of islam iran islamic government islamic law jafar jizyah judge jurist justice kharaj khums knowledge kulayni laws of islam leader leadership mashhad. Governance of the jurist which was published while khomeini was in exile in 1970, smuggled into iran, and distributed to khomeinis supporters. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini mideastweb for coexistence. Without understanding khomeini, one cannot understand the revolution, nor the state he left behind with which we are still dealing to this day. While in exile in iraq in the years building up to irans 1979 islamic revolution, khomeini developed a theory of islamic government that sought. Shia theology holds that wilayah or islamic leadership belongs to divinelyappointed line of shia imams descended from the prophet muhammad, the last of which is the 12th imam, muhammad almahdi. Waves of strikes after 500 people killed during a demonstration, strikes brought everything to a halt.
Shia islam, the official religion of iran, envisions a government. Khomeinis 1989 fatwa calling for the killing of british citizen salman rushdie for his allegedly blasphemous book, the satanic verses, demonstrated the willingness of the islamic revolutionaries to sacrifice trade and other ties with western countries to threaten an individual citizen of a foreign country living thousands of miles away. Bazargan, was a government of the type seen during the 10 years of the rule of the prophet mohammed and the five. The necessity for islamic government islamic government. Born into a longstanding clerical family in khomein, a small village in central iran, he was the youngest of six children. In his 1970 book islamic governance hukumate islami which would later provide the ideological and political template for postrevolutionary iran khomeini hyperventilated that sexual. What is the legitimacy of these rulers who build houses of entertainment, corruption.
The roots of formation of ayatollah khomeinis political thought. The institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works international affairs department original language. The ayatollah claimed that god had made islam for it to be implemented as shown by the creation of divine law sharia. Aug 15, 2010 the leader of the iranian revolution in 1989, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, wrote extensively on islamic jurisprudence. The martyr and islamic scholar ayatollah motahhari left a handwritten note on one copy of the book, he describes it as a very useful and necessary read. Sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini 19021989 was, of course, the islamic cleric who returned from 15 years of exile in paris in 1979 to spark the iranian revolution, overthrowing the last shah of iran, and then becoming irans supreme leader. Islamic government does not correspond to any of the existing forms of government. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Ayatollah khomeini was a senior islamic jurist cleric of shia islam. Khomeini was allied with a largely anonymous committee of clerics and civilians and in contact with local supporters, and he established what many recognized as legitimate authority. Middle east chapter 11 turkey, iraq, iran and the west. General principles of imam khomeinis political thought. Discount prices on books by ruhollah khomeini, including titles like discourse on patience. Ayatollah khomeini leading opposition and had been forced into exile by the shahs government. Truth of islamic laws, need for political revolution, need for islamic unity, need for formation of government in hadith, islamic system of government, distinction from other political systems, qualifications of ruler, knowledge of islamic law, rule. Sep 09, 2014 islamic government probably the best known of imam khomeinis works, the book islamic government originated in a series of lectures given at najaf between january 21 and february 8, 1970. I dont agree with much of what khomeini wrote, but still its a fascinating read and gives valuable insight to the foundations of irans 1979 revolution. Islamic revolution causes khomeini, rohollah personality khomeini, rohollah political. Writings and declarations of imam khomeini 19411980. Bazargan, was a government of the type seen during the 10 years of the rule of the prophet mohammed and the five years under his son. Governance of the jurist ayatullah ruhullah almusawi al khomeini xkp published.
In his treatise on islamic government, ayatollah khomeini stated his view on freedom of thought very simply. On february 11, imam khomeini declared a provisional government. In a book entitled islamic governance, published in 1970, khomeini outlined his plans for the creation of an islamic state in iran, reconceptualising the doctrine of velayate faqih to justify clerical guardianship of the state. Yes, the book title clearly states that its about khomeini s role in creating the islamic republic of iran. Tehran, iran ayatollah ruhollah khomeini returned home thursday after more than 4 years of exile to pursue his dream of replacing irans 2,500yearold monarchy with an islamic republic. In early 1970, khomeini gave a series of lectures in najaf on islamic government, later published as a book titled variously islamic government or islamic government. We may call khomeinis political theory in qom period as the theory of. On march 30, 1979, and march 31, 1979, the provisional government asked all iranians sixteen years of age and older, male and female, to vote in a referendum on the question of accepting an islamic republic as the new form of government and. Online books about this author are available, as is a wikipedia article khomeini, ruhollah. Velayate faqih also known as islamic government is a book by the iranian muslim cleric, faqih, and revolutionary ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, first published in. The shah and his family had fled the country two weeks before. Political thought and legacy of ruhollah khomeini wikipedia.
The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic revival. Ayatollah sayyed ruhollah khomeini islamic government. I dont agree with much of what khomeini wrote, but still its a fascinating read and gives valuable insight to. Governance of the jurist 1970 commentary by michael j. Islamic government is not a form of monarchy, especially not an imperial system, khomeini said, in islamic governments, unlike monarchical and imperial regimes, there is not the slightest trace of vast palaces, opulent buildings, servants and retainers, private equerries, adjutants to the heir apparent, and all other appurtenances of. This book, islamic government, is one of the most influential. The law calling for the removal of hijab was implemented after riza khans return from turkey in 1934 on 7 january 1935 17 dey 41 ahs. A decree from khomeini september 1984 stated that certain persons calling themselves ayatollah should henceforth be called. General principles of imam khomeini s political thought introduction if we survey the development of political thought in islam we would come to know that muslim scholars, during the past hundred years, have developed new theories in the field of islamic political thought in an unprecedented manner. Bibliography of irans islamic revolution, english books unit 3. Something unprecedented was happening in the history of islam. This book contains lectures on jurisprudence delivered to his students in 19691970. Husayn imam khomeini imam rida imperialism imperialists implement institutions of islam iran islamic government islamic law ja.
Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. This book included khomeinis notion of wilayat alfaqih governance of the. According to historians yusef khan built arak from his own personal income and with the aid of a few wealthy men. The book was particularly praised by some notable islamic scholars of iran. Prepare against them whatever force you can muster and horses tethered quran, 8. Khomeini, ruhollah almusavi oxford islamic studies online. The constitution of iran calls for a faqih, or valiye faqih guardian jurist, to serve as the supreme leader of the government. Translated into farsi, the book is called tahrirolvasyleh. Khomeini argued that islamic law outlines an islamic state in which the clergy supervise the execution of islamic laws. Governance of the jurist kindle edition by khomeini, ayatollah ruhollah. International affairs department the institute for compilation and publication of imam khomeini s works no. For khomeini and his supporters, this was the only form of government that could meet the.
Speeches and declarations a warning to the nation1941 169 in commemoration of the martyrs at qum april 3, 1963 174. It is highly significant that in khomeinis book, is. The government of ayatollah khomeini attempted to change. Gods hadith heart holders of authority human husayn imam khomeini imperialism imperialists implement institutions iran iranian islamic government islamic republic islamic revolution israel judge justice khums. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading islamic government. Khomeini, ruhollah almusavi ruhollah almusavi khomeini 19021989 was an iranian shi. Once he was safely inside the countrys borders, khomeini called for the dissolution of the bakhtiar government, vowing i shall kick their teeth in. Ayatollah khomeinis political theory and public interest. The islamic government was clearly defined by khomeini in his book hokumate islami. Went to paris 1964 his writings and speeches were smuggled into iran. Velayate faqih in the constitution of iran penn law. The lectures were recorded and transcribed by a student, and then published in book form. For example, it is not a tyranny, where the head of state can deal arbitrarily with the property and lives of the people, making use of them as he wills, putting to death anyone he wishes, and enriching anyone he wishes by granting landed estates and distributing the property and holdings of the people.
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